DIFFERENCE OF GSM,UMTS,LTE & 5G

Feature GSM UMTS(3GSM) LTE 5G NR
Technology TDMA & FDMA WCDMA OFDMA OFDMA
Generation 2G 3G 4G 5G
Encoding Digital Digital Digital Digital
Year of First Use 1991 2009 2018
Roaming Worldwide, all countries except Japan and South Korea Worldwide Limited Limited
Handset interoperability SIM Card SIM Card SIM Card SIM Card
Common Interference Some electronics, e.g. amplifiers None None None
Signal quality/coverage area Good coverage indoors on 850/900 MHz. Repeaters possible. 35 km hard limit. Smaller cells and lower indoors coverage on 2100 MHz; equivalent coverage indoors and superior range to GSM on 850/900 MHz. Smaller cells and lower coverage on S band Dense cell on millimeter waves
Frequency utilization/Call density 0.2 MHz = 8 timeslots. Each timeslot can hold up to 2 calls (4 calls with VAMOS) through interleaving. 5 MHz = 2 Mbit/s. 42Mbit/s for HSPA+. Each call uses 1.8-12 kbit/s depending on chosen quality and audio complexity. 20 MHz 400 MHz
Handoff Hard Soft Hard Hard
Voice and Data at the same time Yes GPRS Class A Yes No(Data only) Voice possible through VoLTE or fallback to 2G/3G No(Data only) Voice possible through VoLTE

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